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ordering information and functional diagram appears at end of data sheet. dac class d output stage digital audio interface pdm input gain control shutdown and channel select max98358 max98358 pdm input class d audio power amplifier 19-6786; rev 4; 8/15 general description the max98358 is a digital pulse-density modulated (pdm) input class d power amplifier that provides class ab audio performance with class d efficiency. this ic offers five selectable gain settings (3db, 6db, 9db, 12db, and 15db) set by a single gain-select input (gain). the ic can be configured to produce a left channel, right channel, or (left/2 + right/2) output from the stereo input data. the max98358 takes a stereo pulse density modulated (spdm) input signal directly into the dac. data on the rising edge of pdm_clk is considered left-channel data while data on the falling pdm_clk edge is right channel. a mono sum feature is also implemented with spdm data input by summing the data from both rising and falling clock edges. active emissions-limiting, edge-rate limiting, and over - shoot control circuitry greatly reduce emi. a filterless spread-spectrum modulation scheme eliminates the need for output filtering found in traditional class d devices and reduces the component count of the solution. the ic is available in 9-pin wlp (1.345mm x 1.435mm x 0.64mm) and 16-pin tqfn (3mm x 3mm x 0.75mm) packages and is specified over the -40c to +85c tem - perature range. applications notebook and netbook computers cellular phones tablets portable media players features single-supply operation (2.5v to 5.5v) 3.2w output power into 4 at 5v 1.8ma quiescent current (v dd = 3.7v) 92% efficiency (r l = 8, p out = 1.5w) 29v rms output noise (a v = 6db) low 0.015% thd+n at 1khz supported pdm_clk rates of 1.84mhzC4.32mhz and 5.28mhzC8.64mhz supports left, right, or left/2 + right/2 outputs sophisticated edge rate control enables filterless class d outputs 77db psrr at 217hz low rf susceptibility rejects tdma noise from gsm radios extensive click-and-pop reduction circuitry robust short-circuit and thermal protection available in space-saving packages: 1.345mm x 1.435mm wlp (0.4mm pitch) 3mm x 3mm tqfn simpliied block diagram evaluation kit available downloaded from: http:///
max98358 pdm input class d audio power ampliier www.maximintegrated.com maxim integrated 2 table of contents general description ............................................................................ 1 applications .................................................................................. 1 features ..................................................................................... 1 simplified block diagram ........................................................................ 1 absolute maximum ratings ...................................................................... 4 package thermal characteristics ................................................................. 4 electrical characteristics ........................................................................ 4 typical operating characteristics ................................................................. 7 general . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 speaker amplifier ................................................... ......................... 8 bump/pin configurations ....................................................................... 15 bump/pin description .......................................................................... 15 detailed description ........................................................................... 16 digital audio interface ................................................... ..................... 16 supported pdm_clk rates .................................................. .............. 16 pdm_clk jitter tolerance ................................................... .............. 16 pdm timing characteristics .................................................. .............. 17 standby mode ................................................... ........................ 17 s d_m o d e pin and shutdown operation .................................................. ....... 17 class d speaker amplifier ................................................... ................. 18 ultra-low emi filterless output stage ................................................... ..... 18 speaker current limit ................................................... .................. 18 gain selection ................................................... ........................ 18 click-and-pop suppression ................................................... .............. 18 filterless class d operation ................................................... ................ 22 power-supply input ................................................... ....................... 22 layout and grounding ................................................... ..................... 22 wlp applications information ................................................... ............... 22 functional diagram ........................................................................... 23 ordering information .......................................................................... 23 package information .......................................................................... 24 revision history .............................................................................. 27 downloaded from: http:///
max98358 pdm input class d audio power ampliier www.maximintegrated.com maxim integrated 3 list of figures list of tables figure 1. pdm audio interface timing diagram ...................................................... 7 figure 2. pdm digital audio interface timing ....................................................... 17 figure 3. sd_mode resistor connection using open-drain driver ...................................... 19 figure 4. sd_mode resistor connection using push-pull driver ....................................... 19 figure 5. emi with 12in of speaker cable and no output filterin g ....................................... 19 figure 6. left-channel operation with 6db gain .................................................... 20 figure 8. right-channel operation with 6db gain ................................................... 20 figure 7. left-channel operation with 12db gain .................................................... 20 figure 9. stereo operation using two max98358s .................................................. 21 figure 10. monomix (left/2 + right/2) pdm operation with 6d b gain .................................... 22 figure 11. max98358 wlp ball dimensions ....................................................... 22 table 1. pdm_clk channel select ............................................................... 16 table 2. pdm_clk rates ...................................................................... 16 table 3. calculated pdm_clk rates ............................................................. 16 table 4. rms jitter tolerance ................................................................... 16 table 5. sd_mode control ..................................................................... 17 table 6. examples of sd_mode pullup resistor values ............................................... 18 table 7. gain selection ........................................................................ 18 downloaded from: http:///
v dd , pdm_clk and pdm_data to gnd .............. -0.3v to +6v all other pins to gnd .............................. -0.3v to (v dd + 0.3v) continuous current in/out of v dd /gnd/out_ .................. 1.6a continuous input current (all other pins) ......................... 20ma duration of out_ short circuit to gnd or v dd ?.. ... continuous duration of outp short to outn ............................. continuous continuous power dissipation .............................. (t a = +70c) wlp (derate 13.7mw/c above +70c) ....................1096mw tqfn (derate 20.8mw/c above +70c) ..................1666mw junction temperature ..................................................... +150c operating temperature range .......................... -40c to +85c storage temperature range ............................ -65c to +150c soldering temperature (reflow) ...................................... +230c wlp junction-to-ambient thermal resistance ( ja ) .......... 73c/w junction-to-case thermal resistance ( jc ) ............... 50c/w tqfn junction-to-ambient thermal resistance ( ja ) .......... 48c/w junction-to-case thermal resistance ( jc ) ................. 7c/w (note 1) (v dd = 5v, v gnd = 0v, gain = v dd (+6db). pdm_clk = 3.072mhz, speaker loads (z spk ) connected between outp and outn, z spk = , t a = t min to t max , unless otherwise noted. typical values are at t a = +25c.) (note 2) parameter symbol conditions min typ max units supply voltage range v dd guaranteed by pssr test 2.5 5.5 v undervoltage lockout uvlo 1.4 1.8 2.3 v quiescent current i dd t a = +25c 2.2 2.7 ma t a = +25c, v dd = 3.7v 1.8 2.2 shutdown current i shdn sd_mode = 0v, t a = +25c 0.6 2 a standby current i stndby sd_mode = 1.8v, no pdm_clk, t a = +25c 340 400 a turn-on time t on time from receipt of irst clock cycle to full operation 0.6 0.7 ms output offset voltage v os t a = +25c, gain = 15db 0.3 2.5 mv click-and-pop level k cp peak voltage, t a = +25c, a-weighted, 32 samples per second (note 3) into shutdown -72 dbv out of shutdown -66 power-supply rejection ratio psrr v dd = 2.5v to 5.5v, t a = +25c 60 75 db t a = +25c (notes 3, 4) f = 217hz,200mv p-p ripple 77 f = 10khz,200mv p-p ripple 60 max98358 pdm input class d audio power ampliier www.maximintegrated.com maxim integrated 4 note 1: package thermal resistances were obtained using the method described in jedec specification jesd51-7, using a four-layer board. for detailed information on package thermal considerations, refer to www.maximintegrated.com/thermal-tutorial . absolute maximum ratings stresses beyond those listed under absolute maximum ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. these are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. package thermal characteristicselectrical characteristics downloaded from: http:///
(v dd = 5v, v gnd = 0v, gain = v dd (+6db). pdm_clk = 3.072mhz, speaker loads (z spk ) connected between outp and outn, z spk = , t a = t min to t max , unless otherwise noted. typical values are at t a = +25c.) (note 2) parameter symbol conditions min typ max units output power (note 3) p out thd+n 10% z spk = 4? + 33h 3.2 w z spk = 8? + 68h 1.8 z spk = 8? + 68h, v dd = 3.7v 0.93 thd+n = 1% z spk = 4? + 33h 2.5 z spk = 8? + 68h 1.4 z spk = 8 ? + 68h, v dd = 3.7v 0.77 total harmonic distortion + noise thd+n f = 1khz, p out = 1w, t a = +25c, z spk = 4? + 33h (wlp) 0.02 0.06 % f = 1khz, p out = 1w, t a = +25c, z spk = 4? + 33h (tqfn) 0.02 f = 1khz, p out = 0.5w, t a = +25c, z spk = 8? + 68fh 0.013 dynamic range dr a-weighted, pdm_clk = 6.144mhz,v rms = 2.54v 99 db output noise v n a-weighted (note 4) 29 v rms gain (relative to a 2.1dbv reference level) a v gain = gnd through 100k? 14.4 15 15.6 db gain = gnd 11.4 12 12.6 gain = unconnected 8.4 9 9.6 gain = v dd 5.4 6 6.6 gain = v dd through 100k? 2.4 3 3.6 current limit i lim 2.8 a eficiency h z spk = 8? + 68h, thd+n = 10%, f = 1khz, gain = 12db 92 % dac gain error 1 % frequency response 0.5 db class d oscillator frequency f osc 330 khz spread-spectrum bandwidth 20 khz digital audio interface pdm_clk high frequency range f clkh 5.28 8.64 mhz pdm_clk low frequency range f clkl 1.84 4.32 mhz pdm_clk high time t pdm_clkh 40 ns pdm_clk low time t pdm_clkl 40 ns maximum low-frequency pdm_clk jitter rms jitter below 40khz 0.5 ns maximum low-frequency pdm_clk jitter rms jitter above 40khz 12 ns max98358 pdm input class d audio power ampliier www.maximintegrated.com maxim integrated 5 electrical characteristics (continued) downloaded from: http:///
(v dd = 5v, v gnd = 0v, gain = v dd (+6db). pdm_clk = 3.072mhz, speaker loads (z spk ) connected between outp and outn, z spk = , t a = t min to t max , unless otherwise noted. typical values are at t a = +25c.) (note 2) note 2: 100% production tested at t a = +25c. specifications over temperature limits are guaranteed by design. note 3: class d amplifier testing performed with a resistive load in series with an inductor to simulate an actual speaker load. for r l = 8, l l = 68h. for rl = 4, l l = 33h. note 4: digital silence used for input signal. note 5: dynamic range is measured using the eija method. -60dbfs 1khz output signal. a-weighted and normalized to 0dbfs. f = 20hz to 20khz. parameter symbol conditions min typ max units input high voltage v ih digital audio inputs 1.3 v input low voltage v il digital audio inputs 0.6 v input leakage current i ih , i il v in = 0v, v dd = 5.5v, t a = +25c -1 +1 a input capacitance c in 3 pf pdm ones density maximum 75 % minimum 25 pdm_data to pdm_clk setup time t setup 10 ns pdm_data to pdm_clk hold time t hold 10 sd_mode comparator trip points b0 see sd_mode and shutdown operation for details 0.08 0.16 0.355 v b1 0.65 0.77 0.825 b2 1.245 1.4 1.5 sd_mode pulldown resistor r pd 92 100 108 k? gain comparator trip points v gain a v = 3db gain 0.65 x v dd 0.85 x v dd v a v = 6db gain 0.9 x v dd v dd a v = 9db gain 0.4 x v dd 0.6 x v dd a v = 12db gain 0 0.1 x v dd a v = 15db gain 0.15 x v dd 0.35 x v dd max98358 pdm input class d audio power ampliier www.maximintegrated.com maxim integrated 6 electrical characteristics (continued) downloaded from: http:///
(v dd = 5v, v gnd = 0v, gain = gnd (12db). pdm_clk = 3.072mhz, speaker loads (z spk ) connected between outp and outn, t a = t min to t max , unless otherwise noted. typical values are at t a = +25c.) figure 1. pdm audio interface timing diagram t pdm_clk pdm_clk pdm_data t pdm_clkh t setup t setup t hold t hold t pdm_clkl left right left right 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 shutdown current (a) supply voltage (v) shutdown current vs. supply voltage v ddio = 1.8v toc02 -100 -90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 thdn (db) output power (w) total harmonic distortion plus noise vs. output power 6khz 1khz 100hz v dd = 3.7v z spk = 8 ? + 68 h toc03 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 quiecent current (ma) supply voltage (v) quiecent current vs. supply voltage v ddio = 1.8v toc01 -100 -90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 thdn (db) output power (w) total harmonic distortion plus noise vs. output power 6khz 1khz 100hz v dd = 4.2v z spk = 8 ? + 68 h toc04 -100 -90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 thdn (db) output power (w) total harmonic distortion plus noise vs. output power 6khz 1khz 100hz v dd = 5v z spk = 8 ? + 68 h toc05 max98358 pdm input class d audio power ampliier www.maximintegrated.com maxim integrated 7 typical operating characteristics downloaded from: http:///
(v dd = 5v, v gnd = 0v, gain = gnd (12db). pdm_clk = 3.072mhz, speaker loads (z spk ) connected between outp and outn, t a = t min to t max , unless otherwise noted. typical values are at t a = +25c.) -100 -90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 thdn (db) output power (w) total harmonic distortion plus noise vs. output power 6khz 1khz 100hz v dd = 4.2v z spk = 4 ? + 33 h toc07 -100 -90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 100 1000 10000 100000 thd+n ratio(db) frequency (hz) total harmonic distortion plus noise vs. output frequency p out = 500mw p out = 100mw v dd = 4.2v z spk = 8 ? + 68 h toc10 -100 -90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 thdn (db) output power (w) total harmonic distortion plus noise vs. output power 6khz 1khz 100hz v dd = 5v z spk = 4 ? + 33 h toc08 -100 -90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 100 1000 10000 100000 thd+n ratio(db) frequency (hz) total harmonic distortion plus noise vs. output frequency p out = 850mw p out = 150mw v dd = 5v z spk = 8 ? + 68 h toc11 -100 -90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 thdn (db) output power (w) total harmonic distortion plus noise vs. output power 6khz 1khz 100hz v dd = 3.7v z spk = 4 ? + 33 h toc06 -100 -90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 100 1000 10000 100000 thd+n ratio(db) frequency (hz) total harmonic distortion plus noise vs. output frequency p out = 350mw p out = 75mw v dd = 3.7v z spk = 8 ? + 68 h toc09 max98358 pdm input class d audio power ampliier maxim integrated 8 www.maximintegrated.com typical operating characteristics (continued) downloaded from: http:///
(v dd = 5v, v gnd = 0v, gain = gnd (12db). pdm_clk = 3.072mhz, speaker loads (z spk ) connected between outp and outn, t a = t min to t max , unless otherwise noted. typical values are at t a = +25c.) -100 -90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 100 1000 10000 100000 thd+n ratio(db) frequency (hz) total harmonic distortion plus noise vs. output frequency p out = 850mw p out = 250mw v dd = 4.2v z spk = 4 ? + 33 h toc13 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 1 10 100 output power (w) load resistance output power vs. load resistance v dd = 4.2v 1% thd+n 10% thd+n toc16 -100 -90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 100 1000 10000 100000 thd+n ratio(db) frequency (hz) total harmonic distortion plus noise vs. output frequency p out = 1.5w p out = 350mw v dd = 5v z spk = 4 ? + 33 h toc14 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 1 10 100 output power (w) load resistance output power vs. load resistance v dd = 5v 1% thd+n 10% thd+n toc18 -100 -90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 100 1000 10000 100000 thd+n ratio(db) frequency (hz) total harmonic distortion plus noise vs. output frequency p out = 600mw p out = 150mw v dd = 3.7v z spk = 4 ? + 33 h toc12 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 1 10 100 output power (w) load resistance output power vs. load resistance v dd = 3.7v 1% thd+n 10% thd+n toc15 max98358 pdm input class d audio power ampliier maxim integrated 9 www.maximintegrated.com typical operating characteristics (continued) downloaded from: http:///
(v dd = 5v, v gnd = 0v, gain = gnd (12db). pdm_clk = 3.072mhz, speaker loads (z spk ) connected between outp and outn, t a = t min to t max , unless otherwise noted. typical values are at t a = +25c.) 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 output power (w) supply voltage (v) output power vs. supply voltage thd+n = 1% thd+n = 10% z spk = 4 + 33 h toc19 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 efficiency (%) output power (w ) efficiency vs. output power v dd = 5v v dd = 4.2v v dd = 3.7v z spk = 8 ? + 68 h toc22 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 10 100 1000 10000 100000 normalized gain (db) frequency (hz) normalized gain vs. frequency normalized to 1khz toc20 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18 0.20 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 power dissipation (w) output power (w) power dissipation vs. output power v dd = 5v v dd = 4.2v v dd = 3.7v z spk = 8 ? + 68 h toc23 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 output power (w) supply voltage (v) output power vs. supply voltage thd+n = 1% thd+n = 10% z spk = 8 + 68 h toc18 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 efficiency (%) output power (w ) efficiency vs. output power v dd = 5v v dd = 4.2v v dd = 3.7v z spk = 8 ? + 68 h toc21 max98358 pdm input class d audio power ampliier maxim integrated 10 www.maximintegrated.com typical operating characteristics (continued) downloaded from: http:///
(v dd = 5v, v gnd = 0v, gain = gnd (12db). pdm_clk = 3.072mhz, speaker loads (z spk ) connected between outp and outn, t a = t min to t max , unless otherwise noted. typical values are at t a = +25c.) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 efficiency (%) output power (w) efficiency vs. output power v dd = 5v v dd = 4.2v v dd = 3.7v z spk = 4 ? + 33 h toc25 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50 5.00 5.50 psrr (db) supply voltage (v) power- supply rejection ratio vs. supply voltage z spk = 8 + 68 h toc28 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 power dissipation (w) output power (w) power dissipation vs. output power v dd = 5v v dd = 4.2v v dd = 3.7v z spk = 4 ? + 33 h toc26 turn - on response output 1v/div sd_mode 1v/div toc29 2ms/div 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0 1 2 3 efficiency (%) output power (w) efficiency vs. output power v dd = 5v v dd = 4.2v v dd = 3.7v z spk = 4 ? + 33 h toc24 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 10 100 1000 10000 100000 psrr (db) frequency (hz) power- supply rejection ratio vs. frequency z spk = 8 + 68 h toc27 max98358 pdm input class d audio power ampliier maxim integrated 11 www.maximintegrated.com typical operating characteristics (continued) downloaded from: http:///
(v dd = 5v, v gnd = 0v, gain = gnd (12db). pdm_clk = 3.072mhz, speaker loads (z spk ) connected between outp and outn, t a = t min to t max , unless otherwise noted. typical values are at t a = +25c.) -140 -120 -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 amplitude (dbv) frequency (hz) inband output spectrum f pdmclk = 6.144mhz z spk = 8 + 68 h toc31 -140 -120 -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 amplitude (dbv) frequency (hz) inband output spectrum f pdmclk = 5.6448mhz z spk = 8 + 68 h toc34 -140 -120 -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 amplitude (dbv) frequency (hz) inband output spectrum f pdmclk = 6.144mhz z spk = 8 + 68 h toc32 -140 -120 -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 amplitude (dbv) frequency (hz) inband output spectrum f pdmclk = 5.6448mhz z spk = 8 + 68 h toc35 turn - off response output 1v/div sd_mode 1v/div toc30 1ms/div -140 -120 -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 amplitude (dbv) frequency (hz) inband output spectrum f pdmclk = 6.144mhz z spk = 8 + 68 h toc33 max98358 pdm input class d audio power ampliier maxim integrated 12 www.maximintegrated.com typical operating characteristics (continued) downloaded from: http:///
(v dd = 5v, v gnd = 0v, gain = gnd (12db). pdm_clk = 3.072mhz, speaker loads (z spk ) connected between outp and outn, t a = t min to t max , unless otherwise noted. typical values are at t a = +25c.) -140 -120 -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 amplitude (dbv) frequency (hz) inband output spectrum f pdmclk = 3.072mhz z spk = 8 + 68 h toc37 -140 -120 -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 amplitude (dbv) frequency (hz) inband output spectrum f pdmclk = 2.8224mhz z spk = 8 + 68 h toc40 -140 -120 -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 amplitude (dbv) frequency (hz) inband output spectrum f pdmclk = 3.072mhz z spk = 8 + 68 h toc38 -140 -120 -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 amplitude (dbv) frequency (hz) inband output spectrum f pdmclk = 2.8224mhz z spk = 8 + 68 h toc41 -140 -120 -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 amplitude (dbv) frequency (hz) inband output spectrum f pdmclk = 5.6448mhz z spk = 8 + 68 h toc36 -140 -120 -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 amplitude (dbv) frequency (hz) inband output spectrum f pdmclk = 3.072mhz z spk = 8 + 68 h toc39 max98358 pdm input class d audio power ampliier maxim integrated 13 www.maximintegrated.com typical operating characteristics (continued) downloaded from: http:///
(v dd = 5v, v gnd = 0v, gain = gnd (12db). pdm_clk = 3.072mhz, speaker loads (z spk ) connected between outp and outn, t a = t min to t max , unless otherwise noted. typical values are at t a = +25c.) -140 -120 -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 amplitude (dbv) frequency (hz) inband output spectrum f pdmclk = 2.048mhz z spk = 8 + 68 h toc43 -140 -120 -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 amplitude (dbv) frequency (hz) inband output spectrum f pdmclk = 2.048mhz z spk = 8 + 68 h toc44 -140 -120 -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 amplitude (dbv) frequency (hz) inband output spectrum f pdmclk = 2.8224mhz z spk = 8 + 68 h toc42 -140 -120 -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 amplitude (dbv) frequency (hz) inband output spectrum f pdmclk = 2.048mhz z spk = 8 + 68 h toc45 max98358 pdm input class d audio power ampliier maxim integrated 14 www.maximintegrated.com typical operating characteristics (continued) downloaded from: http:///
bump pin name function wlp tqfn a1 4 sd_mode shutdown and channel select. determines left, right, or (left/2 + right/2) mix and also used for shutdown. see table 5. a2 7, 8 v dd power-supply input a3 9 outp positive speaker ampliier output b1 1 pdm_data digital input signal b2 2 gain ampliier gain gain connections gain (db) gnd through 100k? resistor 15 gnd 12 unconnected 9 v dd 6 v dd through 100k? resistor 3 b3 10 outn negative speaker ampliier output c1 16 pdm_clk pdm bit clock input signal. supports frequency ranges: 1.84mhzC4.32mhz and 5.28 mhzC8.64mhz. c2, c3 3, 11, 14, 15 gnd ground 5, 6, 12, 13 n.c. no connection ep exposed pad. the exposed pad is not internally connected. connect the exposed pad to a solid ground plane for thermal dissipation. wlp top view bump side down gnd pdm_clk gnd gain pdm_data outn v dd sd_mode outp max98358 + a1b1 c1 c2 c3 b2 b3 a3 a2 1516 14 13 5 6 7 gnd sd_mode 8 pdm_data outnoutp n.c. 1 3 gnd 4 12 10 9 gnd pdm_clk v dd v dd n.c.n.c. gain gnd 2 11 n.c. tqfn max98358 top view + max98358 pdm input class d audio power ampliier www.maximintegrated.com maxim integrated 15 bump/pin description bump/pin conigurations downloaded from: http:///
detailed description the max98358 is a digital pdm input class d power amplifier. the pdm modulation scheme uses the relative density of digital pulses to represent the amplitude of an analog signal. the ic accepts stereo pdm data through pdm_data and pdm_clk. sd_mode selects which audio channel is output by the amplifier and is used to put the ic into shutdown. the gain pin offers five gain settings and allows the output of the amplifier to be tuned to the appropriate level. the output stage features low-quiescent current, com - prehensive click-and-pop suppression, and excellent rf immunity. the ic offers class ab audio performance with class d efficiency in a minimal board-space solution. the class d amplifier features spread-spectrum modulation with edge-rate and overshoot control circuitry that offers significant improvements in switch-mode amplifier radi - ated emissions. the amplifier features click-and-pop sup - pression that reduces audible transients on startup and shutdown. the amplifier includes thermal-overload and short-circuit protection. digital audio interface the ic takes a stereo pdm input signal directly into the dac. data read on the rising edge of pdm_clk is left- channel data while data read on the falling pdm_clk edge is right channel ( table 1 ). supported pdm_clk rates table 2 indicates the range of pdm_clk rates that are supported by the ic. table 3 indicates the specific clock rates to use based on the baseband rate and the overs - ample rate of the incoming pdm signal. pdm_clk jitter tolerance the ic features a very high pdm_clk jitter tolerance of 0.5ns for rms jitter below 40khz and 12ns for wideband rms jitter while maintaining a dynamic range greater than 98db ( table 4 ). *the mono left/2 + right/2 feature is not supported at pdm_clk rates of 5.28mhz and above. pdm_clk edge direction channel rising edge left falling edge right supported clock rates (mhz) 1.84C4.325.28C8.64 frequency rms jitter tolerance (ns) < 40khz 0.5 40khzCpdm_clk 12 baseband sample rate (khz) input clock rates (mhz) 32x oversampled pdm 64x oversampled pdm 128x oversampled pdm 256x oversampled pdm 8 2.048 16 2.048 4.096 32 2.048 4.096 44.1 2.8224 5.6448* 48 3.072 6.144* 88.2 2.8224 5.6448* 96 3.072 6.144* max98358 pdm input class d audio power ampliier www.maximintegrated.com maxim integrated 16 table 1. pdm_clk channel select table 2. pdm_clk rates table 4. rms jitter tolerance table 3. calculated pdm_clk rates downloaded from: http:///
pdm timing characteristics figure 2 shows the pdm operation of the ic. the bit- depth is one bit and each bit alternates between left- channel and right-channel data. if the pdm generator produces data that is stuck at logic- high or logic-low, then the output of the ic is railed, forc - ing dc at the load. therefore, it is recommended that the pdm generator includes protection to detect this invalid condition. if such a condition is detected, then the ic should either be put into shutdown or pdm_clk should be stopped. standby mode the max98358 automatically enters standby mode when pdm_clk is removed. in standby mode, the class d speaker amplifier is turned off and the outputs go into a high-impedance state, ensuring that the unwanted current is not transferred to the load during this condi - tion. standby mode should not be used in place of the shutdown mode because the shutdown mode provides the lowest power consumption and the best power-on/off click-and-pop performance. sd_mode pin and shutdown operation the ic features a low-power shutdown mode, drawing less than 0.6a (typ) of supply current. during shutdown, all internal blocks are turned off, including setting the output stage to a high-impedance state. drive sd_mode low to put the ic into shutdown. the state of sd_mode determines the audio channel that is sent to the amplifier output ( table 5 ). drive sd_mode high to select the left channel of the stereo input data. drive sd_mode high through a suf - ficiently small resistor to select the right channel of the stereo input data. drive sd_mode high through a sufficiently large resistor to select monomix mode where both the left and right words of the stereo input data are summed (left/2 + right/2). the monomix (left/2 + right/2) mode is not supported for pdm_clk rates 5.28mhz. and above. rlarge and rsmall are determined by the vddio voltage (logic voltage from control interface) that is driving sd_mode according to the following two equations: r small (k) = 94.0 x vddio - 100 r large (k) = 222.2 x vddio - 100 figure 2. pdm digital audio interface timing table 5. sd_mode control sd_mode status selected channel high v sd_mode > b2 trip point left pullup through r small b2 trip point (1.4v typ) > v sd_mode > b1 trip point right pullup through r large * b1 trip point (0.77v typ) > v sd_mode > b0 trip point (left/2 + right/2) low b0 trip point (0.16v typ) > v sd_mode shutdown l r l r l r l r l r l r right channel ignored l r l r l r l r l r l r l r l r l r l r l r sd_mode = logic-high pdm_clk pdm_data l r l r l r l r l r l r left channel ignored l r l r l r l r l r l r l r l r l r l r l r sd_mode = pullup through r small pdm_clk pdm_data l r l r l r l r l r l r left and right channels averaged l r l r l r l r l r l r l r l r l r l r l r sd_mode = pullup through r large pdm_clk pdm_data max98358 pdm input class d audio power ampliier www.maximintegrated.com maxim integrated 17 downloaded from: http:///
figure 3 and figure 4 show how to connect an external resistor to sd_mode when using an open-drain driver or a pullup/down driver. when the device is configured in left channel mode ( sd_mode is directly driven to logic-high by the con - trol interface) care must be taken to avoid violating the absolute maximum ratings limits for sd_mode . ensuring that v dd is always greater than v ddio is one way to prevent sd_mode from violating the absolute maximum ratings limits. if this is not possible in the application (e.g., if v dd < 3.0v and v ddio = 3.3v), then it is necessary to add a small resistance (~2k) in series with sd_mode to limit the current into the sd_mode pin. this is not a concern when using the right channel or monomix modes. class d speaker ampliier the filterless class d amplifier offers much higher effi - ciency than class ab amplifiers. the high efficiency of a class d amplifier is due to the switching operation of the output stage transistors. any power loss associated with the class d output stage is mostly due to the i2r loss of the mosfet on-resistance and quiescent current overhead. ultra-low emi filterless output stage traditional class d amplifiers require the use of external lc filters, or shielding, to meet en55022b electromagnet - ic-interference (emi) regulation standards. maxims active emissions-limiting edge-rate control circuitry and spread- spectrum modulation reduces emi emissions while main - taining up to 92% efficiency. maxims spread-spectrum modulation mode flattens wide - band spectral components while proprietary techniques ensure that the cycle-to-cycle variation of the switching period does not degrade audio reproduction or efficiency. the ics spread-spectrum modulator randomly varies the switching frequency by 20khz around the center fre - quency (330khz). above 10mhz, the wideband spectrum looks like noise for emi purposes ( figure 5 ). speaker current limit if the output current of the speaker amplifier exceeds the current limit (2.8a typ), the ic disables the outputs for approximately 100s. at the end of the 100s, the outputs are re-enabled. if the fault condition still exists, the ic con - tinues to disable and re-enable the outputs until the fault condition is removed. gain selection the ic offers five programmable gain selections through a singel gain input (gain). gain is referenced to the full-scale output of the dac, which is 2.1dbv ( table 7 ). assuming that the desired output swing is not limited by the supply voltage rail, the ics output level can be calcu - lated based on the pdm input oness density and selected amplifier gain according to the following equation: output signal level (dbv) = 20 x log[abs(pdm ones density(%) - 50) /25] (dbfs) + 2.1db + selected speaker amplifier gain (db) where the ones density of the pdm input ranges from 75% (maximum positive magnitude) to 25% (maximum negative magnitude). 0dfbs is referenced to 0dbv. click-and-pop suppression the ic speaker amplifier features maxims compre - hensive click-and-pop suppression. during startup, the click-and-pop suppression circuitry reduces audible tran - sient sources internal to the device. to achieve optimal click-and-pop reduction at startup, it is recommended that idle data be sent to the digital audio interface for the first 0.5ms of turn-on time. when entering shutdown, the differential speaker outputs simultaneously drop to gnd. logic voltage level (v ddio ) (v) r small (k?) r large (k?) 1.8 69.8 300 3.3 210 634 gain gain (db) connect to gnd through 100k? 5% resistor 15 connect to gnd 12 unconnected 9 connect to v dd 6 connect to v dd through 100k? 5% resistor 3 max98358 pdm input class d audio power ampliier www.maximintegrated.com maxim integrated 18 table 6. examples of sd_mode pullup resistor values table 7. gain selection downloaded from: http:///
figure 3. sd_mode resistor connection using open-drain driver figure 4. sd_mode resistor connection using push-pull driver figure 5. emi with 12in of speaker cable and no output filtering gpio processor v ddio r 100k ? 8% left mode right mode left/2 + right/2 mode b2 (1.4v typ)b1 (0.77v typ) b0 (0.16v typ) v sd_mode max98358 gpio processor v ddio r 100k ? 8% left mode right mode left/2 + right/2 mode b2 (1.4v typ)b1 (0.77v typ) b0 (0.16v typ) v sd_mode max98358 frequency (mhz) emission level (dbv/m) 900 800 600 700 200 300 400 500 100 10 30 50 70 90 -10 0 1000 max98358 pdm input class d audio power ampliier www.maximintegrated.com maxim integrated 19 downloaded from: http:///
figure 6. left-channel operation with 6db gain figure 8. right-channel operation with 6db gain figure 7. left-channel operation with 12db gain outpoutn gain v dd 2.5v to 5.5v 0.1f 10f gpio* codec pdm clock pdm data out sd_mode pdm_clk pdm_data gnd *responds to left channel when gpio is high. the max98358 is shutdown when gpio is low. max98358 b2 a2 a1c1 b1 c2, c3 b3 a3 outpoutn gain v dd 2.5v to 5.5v 0.1f 10f sd_mode pdm_clk r small (69.8k ? )** pdm_ data gnd *responds to right channel when gpio is high. **69.8k ? assumes v gpio = 1.8v. the max98358 is shutdown when gpio is low. max98358 gpio* codec pdm clock pdm data out b2 a2 a1c1 b1 c2, c3 b3 a3 outpoutn gain v dd 2.5v to 5.5v 0.1f 10f gpio* codec pdm clock pdm data out sd_mode pdm_clk pdm_data *responds to left channel when gpio is high. the max98358 is shutdown when gpio is low. gnd b2 a2 a1c1 b1 c2, c3 b3 a3 max98358 max98358 pdm input class d audio power ampliier www.maximintegrated.com maxim integrated 20 downloaded from: http:///
figure 9. stereo operation using two max98358s outpoutn gain v dd 2.5v to 5.5v 0.1f 10f gpio* codec pdm clock pdm data out sd_mode pdm_clk r small (69.8k ? )** pdm_data gnd *responds to right channel when gpio is high. **69.8k ? assumes v gpio = 1.8v. the max98358 is shutdown when gpio is low. max98358 outpoutn gain v dd 2.5v to 5.5v 0.1f 10f sd_mode pdm_clk pdm_data gnd *responds to left channel when gpio is high. the max98358 is shutdown when gpio is low. max98358 b2 a2 a1c1 b1 c2, c3 b3 a3 b2 a2 a1c1 b1 c2 b3 a3 max98358 pdm input class d audio power ampliier www.maximintegrated.com maxim integrated 21 downloaded from: http:///
filterless class d operation traditional class d amplifiers require an output filter to recover the audio signal from the amplifiers output. the filter adds cost, size, and decreases efficiency and thd+n performance. the max98358s filterless modula - tion scheme does not require an output filter. the device relies on the inherent inductance of the speaker coil and the natural filtering of both the speaker and the human ear to recover the audio component of the square-wave output. because the switching frequency of the ic is well beyond the bandwidth of most speakers, voice coil movement due to the switching frequency is very small. use a speaker with a series inductance > 10 f h. typical 8 i speakers exhibit series inductances in the 20 f h to 100 f h range. power-supply inputv dd , which ranges from 2.5v to 5.5v, powers the ic, including the speaker amplifier. bypass v dd with a 0.1 f f and 10 f f capacitor to gnd. some applications might require only the 10 f f bypass capacitor, making it pos - sible to operate with a single external component. apply additional bulk capacitance at the ic if long input traces between v dd and the power source are used. layout and grounding proper layout and grounding are essential for optimum performance. good grounding improves audio perfor - mance and prevents switching noise from coupling into the audio signal. use wide, low-resistance output traces. as load imped - ance decreases, the current drawn from the device outputs increases. at higher current, the resistance of the output traces decreases the power delivered to the load. for example, if 2w is delivered from the speaker output to a 4 i load through 100m i of total speaker trace, 1.904w is being delivered to the speaker. if power is delivered through 10m i of total speaker trace, 1.951w is being delivered to the speaker. wide output, supply, and ground traces also improve the power dissipation of the ic. parasitic capacitance on the output causes higher quiescent current by v dd x 330khz x c parasitic . for example, at v dd and a total parasitic capacitance of 100pf (50pf on each output trace), the increase in quies - cent current is: 5 x 330khz x 100pf = 165a. the ic is inherently designed for excellent rf immunity. for best performance, add ground fills around all signal traces on top or bottom pcb planes. wlp applications information for the latest application details on wlp construction, dimensions, tape carrier information, pcb techniques, bump-pad layout, and recommended reflow temperature profile, as well as the latest information on reliability testing results, refer to the application note 1891: wafer-level packaging (wlp) and its applications . figure 11 shows the dimensions of the wlp balls used on the ic. figure 10. monomix (left/2 + right/2) pdm operation with 6db gain figure 11. max98358 wlp ball dimensions outpoutn gain v dd 2.5v to 5.5v 0.1f 10f sd_mode pdm_clk r large (300k ? )** pdm_data gnd *left and right are summed when gpio is high. **300k ? assumes v gpio = 1.8v. the max98358 is shutdown when gpio is low. max98358 gpio* codec pdm clock pdm data out b2 a2 a1c1 b1 c2, c3 b3 a3 0.21mm 0.24mm max98358 pdm input class d audio power ampliier www.maximintegrated.com maxim integrated 22 downloaded from: http:///
+denotes a lead(pb)-free/rohs-compliant package. t = tape and reel. part temp range pin-package max98358ewl+t -40c to +85c 9 wlp max98358ete+ -40c to +85c 16 tqfn 2.5v to 5.5v 0.1f 10f pdm_clk pdm_data sd_mode dac class d output stage outp gain v dd outn digital audio interface () applies to tqfn package max98358 gnd b1 c1 a1 c2, c3 a2 b2 a3 b3 (7, 8) (2) (9) (10) (3, 11, 14, 15) (16) (1) (3) max98358 pdm input class d audio power ampliier www.maximintegrated.com maxim integrated 23 ordering information functional diagram downloaded from: http:///
package type package code outline no. land pattern no. 9 wlp w91f1+1 21-0896 refer to application note 1891 16 tqfn t1633+4 21-0136 90-0031 max98358 pdm input class d audio power ampliier www.maximintegrated.com maxim integrated 24 package information for the latest package outline information and land patterns (footprints), go to www.maximintegrated.com/packages . note that a +, #, or - in the package code indicates rohs status only. package drawings may show a different suffix character, but the drawing pertains to the package regardless of rohs status. tm integrated maxim 0.05 ab 0.05 s downloaded from: http:///
max98358 pdm input class d audio power ampliier www.maximintegrated.com maxim integrated 25 package information (continued) for the latest package outline information and land patterns (footprints), go to www.maximintegrated.com/packages . note that a +, #, or - in the package code indicates rohs status only. package drawings may show a different suffix character, but the drawing pertains to the package regardless of rohs status. downloaded from: http:///
max98358 pdm input class d audio power ampliier www.maximintegrated.com maxim integrated 26 package information (continued) for the latest package outline information and land patterns (footprints), go to www.maximintegrated.com/packages . note that a +, #, or - in the package code indicates rohs status only. package drawings may show a different suffix character, but the drawing pertains to the package regardless of rohs status. downloaded from: http:///
revision number revision date description pages changed 0 9/13 initial release 1 11/13 removed future product reference 21 2 8/14 added thd+n tqfn typical only spec to electrical characteristics table 3 3 1/15 added table of contents , updated ssm spec, replaced all typical operating characteristics, and corrected typos 5C12, 16C18 4 8/15 corrected package outline for wlp package 24 maxim integrated cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a maxim integrated product. no circuit patent licenses are implied. maxim integrated reserves the right to change the circuitry and speciications without n otice at any time. the parametric values (min and max limits) shown in the electrical characteristics table are guaranteed. other parametric values quoted in this data sheet are provided for guidance. maxim integrated and the maxim integrated logo are trademarks of maxim integrated products, inc. max98358 pdm input class d audio power ampliier ? 2015 maxim integrated products, inc. 27 revision history for pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact maxim direct at 1-888-629-4642, or visit maxim integrateds website at www.maximintegrated.com. downloaded from: http:///

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